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Effect of Cognitive Control and Dual-Task Training on Gait Stability and Fall Risk
In Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Phys Ther Rehabil Sci 2024;13:332-42
Published online September 30, 2024
© 2024 Korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science.

Su-Ha Leea, Changho Songb*

aDepartment of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
bDepartment of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence to: Changho Song (ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5709-3100)
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Cheongnyangni P.O.Box 118 Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea
Tel: +82-2-3399-1631 Fax: +82-2-3399-1639 E-mail: chsong922@gmail.com
Received August 4, 2024; Revised September 25, 2024; Accepted September 25, 2024.
cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Objective: With the proportion of the elderly population in Korea reaching 17.5% in 2022 and projected to increase to 20.6% by 2025, 30.1% by 2035, and 43% by 2050, the accelerated aging of the population is raising societal concerns about elderly care. Maintaining mobility is crucial for a healthy and independent old age.
Design: Cross-sectional study
Methods: This study investigates the effects of dual-task performance on gait variables and cognitive function in older adults. This cross-sectional study involved 60 older adults aged 65 and above, categorized into a dementia group (Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K) score ≤ 22) and a control group (MoCA-K score ≥ 23). Cognitive and gait functions were assessed using the GAITRite system (GAITRite system, CIR Systems Inc., USA), measuring gait variables (speed, stride length, etc.) before and after dual-task performance. The assessments were conducted under a single-blind condition, and data were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 25.0, SPSS Inc., USA).
Results: The dementia group scored lower on cognitive assessments compared to the control group (p<0.05). In dual-task performance evaluations, the dementia group exhibited longer total task times and lower accuracy than the control group (p<0.001), while reaction times were longer but not statistically significant. GAITRite system analysis revealed that the dementia group had reduced gait speed and stride length compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, the difference in gait time was not statistically significant. The study results indicate that older adults with dementia show significant differences in cognitive function and gait performance, with notable impacts under dual-task conditions.
Conclusions: These findings underscore the effect of cognitive decline on gait and provide valuable insights for predicting gait and cognitive function deterioration in dementia, which can aid in developing fall prevention strategies.
Keywords : Task performance and analysis, Executive function, Gait analysis, Aged
 
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